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The role of fertilizer chemistry in the intelligent specialization of the country's agricultural development.

1. Bulk chemical industry.More than 70 elements are found in plants, most of which are found in very small amounts. However, elements such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium, potassium, and calcium are also abundant and essential for life. Plants can obtain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) from the air and soil. However, these three elements (NPK) are supplied externally to the plants for good yield. Fertilizers are used to enrich the soil with NPK.Organic fertilizers. In them, nutrients are stored in substances of animal and plant origin. First of all, these fertilizers include manure, as well as various products of the processing of substances of animal and plant origin (peat, fish meal, feces, urban waste and various food wastes).Bacterial fertilizers - retain microorganisms that facilitate the accumulation of nutrients in the soil.2. Mineral fertilizers - products of inorganic origin, prepared by the industrial-factory method: chemical or mechanical processing of inorganic raw materials (for example, extraction of minerals - phosphorites, potassium salts, dolomites, etc., etc.). .). Mineral fertilizers obtained by chemical processing of raw materials differ in the concentration of active substances. Mineral fertilizers are divided into the following groups according to their active ingredients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients (boron, molybdenum, etc.).Along with the increasing demand for fertilizers, the production of NPK and NPK compounds has also increased. Many mineral fertilizers (for example: KCl, NaNO3, NH4NO3, etc.) contain only one nutrient. Such fertilizers are considered simple. Mineral fertilizers with two or three primary nutrients (NPK) in their composition are more complex. They belong to complex fertilizers.Air (raw material for nitrogen), phosphate rock (raw material for phosphorus) and sylvinite (raw material for potassium) are used as the main raw materials for fertilizer production.Elements   Duty NitrogenIt is stored in proteins. Deficiency causes slow growth..PhosphorusIt is stored in the composition of nucleic acids. It is necessary for the growth of roots. It helps in energy exchange during exposure.PotassiumAccelerates photosynthesis. Increases hydrocarbon production..The main functions of N, P and K elements as fertilizers Fertilizers are divided into simple and complex fertilizers according to the nutrients stored in the system. Simple fertilizers include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Simple nitrogen fertilizers include ammonium nitrate NH4NO3, urea (NH2)2CO and others. Simple superphosphate Ca(H2PO4)2•2CaSO4, double superphosphate Ca(H2PO4)2 and others are simple phosphorus fertilizers. Simple potassium fertilizers include potassium sulfate K2SO4 and others.

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Sep 20 2025
Great opportunity

In the Year of International Peace and Confidence, on the eve of the 34th anniversary of Turkmenistan’s Independence, the Turkmenistan Investment Forum (TIF 2025) was held in the Avaza National Tourist Zone on September 18 and 19, 2025. This major event brought together more than 800 foreign and local representatives to discuss the country’s investment opportunities. President of Turkmenistan Serdar Berdimuhamedow congratulated the forum participants on this occasion. "I firmly believe that this event in Avaza will contribute to the industrialization and socio-economic development of regions during the period of the Revival of the new era of the sovereign state, the introduction of modern technologies in sectors, the active implementation of the digital economy concept, and the attraction of investment," the head of state noted in his congratulatory message. The forum began with a plenary session entitled "Investment attractiveness of Turkmenistan as a factor ensuring strategic efficiency." The moderator of the session was Dmitry Shlapachenko, UN Resident Coordinator in Turkmenistan. Keynote speeches were delivered by prominent experts from around the world. Among them were Beatrice Luce Maser Mallor, Executive Director of the World Bank, and Rabab Fatima, Under-Secretary-General of the UN, who participated online. Speaking via videoconference to the participants of the Investment Forum in Avaza, UN Under-Secretary-General Rabab Fatima highly appreciated Turkmenistan's leading position in promoting the interests of landlocked developing countries and presented new UN initiatives aimed at attracting investment. The forum participants will have the opportunity to get acquainted with the latest economic reforms and initiatives, establish direct contacts with state and private enterprises of Turkmenistan, and develop specific investment It provided a wide opportunity to discuss projects and identify new directions for cooperation. The forum program included strategic panel discussions, presentations of investment projects, B2B and B2G meetings, master classes and cultural events. Within the framework of the Investment Forum of Turkmenistan (TIF-2025), which was held in the Avaza National Tourist Zone, a number of important documents were signed aimed at strengthening strategic agreements in various sectors of the economy. These agreements demonstrated the broad economic interests of Turkmenistan and its readiness to deepen international cooperation.