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Koytendag – a region of unique natural and landscape diversity

Koytendag is a region located in the southeast of Turkmenistan, which is characterized by a unique natural environment. The nature of Koytendag is characterized by hundreds of species of plants and animals, steep valleys, unique mountain caves and underground karst lakes, and the high plateau of ancient dinosaurs. Nature has created invaluable values ​​in this region over the millennia and has been passed down from time immemorial to the present day.

The territory of the Koytendag region extends parallel to regional faults, which has determined the morphostructural uniqueness of the region and is known in the scientific literature as Govurdak-Koytendag. Although its area is not large, the relief is sharply differentiated, i.e. the highest point varies from 3137 m above sea level (Turkmenbashi Dagy) to 238 m (the level of the water of the Amu Darya) and is characterized by a wide variety of natural conditions and resources. This region has great potential for the development of its mineral resources, land, health and recreation resources. The geological structure of the region is formed by geological deposits of various genesis, composition and age.

Upper Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene, Neogene, Quaternary and modern sediments are widespread here. The western slope of the Koyetnadg ridge, as well as the Govyrdak and Tubegatan mountain ranges are composed of Upper Jurassic sediments. Rocks of the Cretaceous period cover the low mountains of the central part of the region, and Paleogene and Neogene sediments cover mainly the plateau-shaped low mountains of its western part. Quaternary sediments are widespread in the western and southern parts of the region, forming vast mountain plains.

The vegetation cover of Koyteng is characterized by grassy phytocenoses at the foot of the mountains, and above them a belt of heavily degraded woody and shrub vegetation dominated by the Zeravshan juniper. In the highest, steep part of the mountains, thorny cushion-shaped semi-shrubs dominate. Representatives of the region are dominant.

Previously, vast areas of juniper forests, consisting mainly of Zarafshan juniper, were found in Koytendag, but now their area has significantly decreased. Within the territory of the reserve, they have been preserved in the form of patchy forests. The creation of the Koytendag State Reserve with an area of ​​27,139 hectares in 1986 was associated with the need to protect the entire natural complex of Koytendag and adjacent areas, develop a scientific basis for the restoration of damaged ecosystems, and preserve the twisted-horned hornbeam.

This species is very rare and is included in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). According to the differences in the characteristics of the soil and vegetation cover within the zones, 12 altitudinal zones are distinguished: oasis, grassland, desert-ephemeral, semi-desert-ephemeroid, semi-desert-arid steppe, large-grass steppe, forest, forest-meadow steppe, subalpine meadow and alpine meadow. When Central Asia is divided into physiographic regions, the territory of this region is included in the Igissaro-Pamir province of the South-Western Pamir-Alai region of the Central Asian mountainous country at the level of physiographic regions. The large differences in the landscape composition of the Govurdak-Koytenag district allow the division of lower-level taxonomic units - sub-districts - within its boundaries. It was divided into 7 sub-districts in total: Koytendag-mid-mountainous, Govurdak-Tyubegetan low-mountainous, Koytendarya-mountainous-valley, Kansai-delta-takyr, Amu Darya-mountainous-sloping plain-chulbali, and Amu Darya-valley-terrace sub-districts.

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Feb 12 2025
The possibilities of digital education in educational work.

He said that the formation of a constructive, creative, inventive, and developed intellectual level of youth for the sake of the sustainable development of the country and the strengthening of our Motherland is an important feature of the present era. This feature is provided by the modernization of the education system, which plays a key role in its development, in accordance with world standards, along with all sectors of the economy. The introduction of digital tools into the education system of our country, the implementation of a modern educational portal, through the tireless efforts of the Honorable President, has significantly increased the potential of education workers. The basis for the development of the digital system in the country is the focus on improving the work of educational institutions, providing them with high-quality electronic information, using new technologies, and bringing the quality of education to the required level. The “Concept of Developing the Digital Education System in Turkmenistan”, approved by the Resolution of the Honorable President in 2017, is guided by the “Concept of Developing the Digital Education System in Turkmenistan”. This Concept is aimed at creating an information-educational environment in the country (along the specified lines) and providing all stages of education with high-quality electronic information, enriching and improving the content of the education provided. The main goal of the Concept for the Development of the Digital Education System in Turkmenistan is to provide high-quality electronic information for teaching programs at all stages of education in accordance with the innovative development of the country and to improve the education system through distance learning. The Concept will contribute to the further comprehensive development of our dear Motherland, business and investment activity, the introduction of advanced methods of public administration, the creation of new jobs, and the continuous improvement of the welfare of our people. The main tasks envisaged in the Concept are: - development of the regulatory and legal framework of the digital education system; - development of the technological system of educational institutions and increasing the provision of digital knowledge resources for students and teaching staff at all stages of the education system; - ensuring access to high-quality knowledge resources and services and the use of digital educational resources, including electronic textbooks and manuals, in the process of education; - use of distance education technologies; - improving the quality of education through the development of information and telecommunication technologies; - training employees in the electronic education system. The development of students' motivation to acquire knowledge and continuous independent learning through the use of modern information and communication technologies. Modern society has become an information society in recent decades and is rapidly becoming more dynamic. This means that access to information and services is provided to users on a permanent basis, regardless of where and when they are. To ensure such mobility, new types of computer equipment (smartphones, tablets, etc.), as well as new technologies for working with databases and services (“cloud” technologies) have appeared. Electronic educational databases and services should be available to a schoolchild and student both in educational institutions, at home, and on the go. This also applies to other participants in educational work - parents, teachers, and heads of various levels of the education system. The mobility of each participant in the educational environment will form the basis of digital education in the new information society. The equipment of new, modern educational institutions built and put into operation in all regions of the country with advanced innovative technologies also indicates the implementation of a digital education system. The launch of the portal project “Digital Education System” in educational institutions of the country, lessons held via videoconference in educational institutions, and online competitions are of great importance in improving the quality of education, improving teaching methods, and using best practices.