Turkmenistan’s Diversified Economy and Its Role in the Development of Social Protection for the Population
Over the 35 years of independence, Turkmenistan has strengthened its position among countries experiencing rapid economic growth and successfully integrating into the global economy. The main objective of the reforms implemented in the country is to overcome the economy’s dependence on raw materials, advance market-oriented reforms, use natural resources efficiently, and create favourable conditions for people’s lives, health, and safety. These objectives are clearly reflected in the fundamental principle of the country’s state policy: “The State is for the People!” Throughout this historical period, the consistent implementation of a strategic development policy focused on industrial growth and innovation has played a major role in ensuring the country’s economic independence. Support for infrastructure development, a strong commitment to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, and the implementation of the objectives outlined in the National Programme for the Socio-Economic Development of Turkmenistan for 2011–2030 and the Programme for the Socio-Economic Development of Turkmenistan for 2019–2025 have provided important impetus for improving production efficiency, making rational use of investments, and supporting the non-state sector of the economy. Looking back at the progress achieved, it is particularly important to note that, during the years of independence, Turkmenistan has undergone a significant transformation, moving from a predominantly agricultural economy towards a country with a developed industrial sector. At the initial stage, agriculture accounted for more than 40 per cent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP), while industry represented approximately 17 per cent. More than 80 per cent of industrial output at that time came from extractive industries. Today, industry accounts for more than 27 per cent of GDP, while agriculture represents approximately 11–12 per cent. At the same time, the structure of agricultural production has changed considerably. While cotton cultivation continues to play an important role, grain production has been restored and further developed, and a foundation has been established for the expansion of livestock farming. These changes have contributed to strengthening the country’s food security.
Matdyyeva Bahar
Maritime secondary vocational school of the city of Turkmenbashi, teacher